Which of the following characteristics of the confusion operation in cryptography differentiates it from its counterpart diffusion operation?
1) Confusion operation is reversible, while diffusion operation is not reversible.
2) Confusion operation changes the statistical properties of the plaintext, while diffusion operation does not change the statistical properties of the plaintext.
3) Confusion operation is used to increase the complexity of the ciphertext, while diffusion operation is used to spread the influence of each plaintext bit to multiple ciphertext bits.
4) Confusion operation is a substitution operation, while diffusion operation is a permutation operation.