The movement of glucose into a cell against a concentration gradient is most likely to be accomplished by which of the following?

a) movement of glucose into the cell through a glucose channel
b) receptor-mediated endocytosis
c) cotransport of the glucose with a proton or sodium ion that was pumped across the membrane using the energy of ATP hydrolysis
d) passive diffusion of the glucose through the lipid bilayer
e) facilitated diffusion of the glucose using a carrier protein