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The higher the altitude, the lower the oxygen level in air. Climbers of very tall mountains risk altitude sickness, which is an illness characterized by shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, and confusion. The early symptoms of cyanide poisoning are the same as those for altitude sickness. Cyanide binds tightly to cytochrome c oxidase, the protein that reduces oxygen molecules in the final step of mitochondrial electron transfer chains. Cytochrome c oxidase with bound cyanide can no longer transfer electrons. Explain why cyanide poisoning starts with the same symptoms as altitude sickness.

The higher the altitude the lower the air pressure and therefore the lower the oxygen levels. Low oxygen means low oxygen is getting to the lungs and into the blood and into tissues. Therefore Krebs cycle becomes ineffective in generating ATPs, the energy currency of cells. Mountain climbing is a physically extraneous exercise hence energy is required by the body yet the cells are no producing enough ATPs.

This effect is similar to cyanide permanently binding to Cytochrome c oxidase that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen as the ultimate electron and proton acceptor in the Krebs cycle. Oxygen reduction is significant in the generation of ATPs in the mitochondria.

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