Answer:
The correct answers are:
a. control
b. manipulate
c. independent
d. dependent
Explanation:
Let me first list the statements with the correct missing words before explaining each of the word choices made:
a. In an experiment, researchers control all other variables except the treatment condition(s).
b. A researcher manipulate one or more variables to create the treatment condition(s).
c. The variable the experimenter uses to create the treatment condition(s) is called the independent variable.
d. Another term for the outcome measure is the dependent variable.
In scientific research, there are three kinds of variables; the independent, dependent and control variables.
The independent variables is one that is manipulated by the researcher/scientist, to bring about observable effects. Note that manipulate and not adjust is most suitable here, because adjust means "to change slightly", while manipulate means to handle skillfully, or to vary as desired.
The dependent variables are variables that the experimenter set out to observe (outcome), after manipulating the independent variable. The outcome here is completely as a result of the independent variable
The control variables are variables that have the same effect on the outcome as the independent variables hence are controlled or its effect are made up for usually by subjecting both the test and the control groups to the same condition of the control variables to rule out any changes as a result of their effects.
For example in an experiment to determine the link between a particular type of diary food and development of obesity, The independent variable is the diary food, because it is assigned at will by the researcher, the dependent variable is the health outcome, which is the development of obesity, while a control variable here could be other foods that are likely to cause obesity, like ice-cream, meat, cakes etc, so the researcher ensures that the subjects are not exposed to these other foods during the course of the research.
The other words found in the question includes;
extraneous variable and confounding are also known as control variables.
