Service level is:


a. the probability of stocking out.

b. the probability of not stocking out.

c. something that should be minimized in retail.

d. calculated as the cost of a shortage divided by (the cost of shortage the cost of overage) for single-period models.

e. the probability of not stocking out and calculated as the cost of a shortage divided by (the cost of shortage the cost of overage) for single-period models