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The Melanocortin One Receptor (MC1R) gene has many variations throughout human history except those of African descent. Why is this significant

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To date, the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is the only gene identified that explains substantial phenotypic variance in human pigmentation. ... We conclude that MC1R is under strong functional constraint in Africa, where any diversion from eumelanin production (black pigmentation) appears to be evolutionarily deleterious

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