Breeding between Neanderthals and modern humans. This is a solid indication of how human migration out of Africa actually occurred: rather than leaving Africa in one or more massive dispersals, Neanderthal DNA entered Africa through gene flow back and forth throughout time.
Neanderthal DNA has been linked in studies to fertility, pain perception, and immune system function. Neanderthal DNA may have an impact on a person's height, skin tone, hair color, sleeping habits, mood, and even addiction in modern-day Europeans.
Other parts of the current non-African genome do not include any Neanderthal DNA, which shows that natural selection weeded out any Neanderthal versions of the genes in these locations since they would have caused issues in modern people.
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