For bacteria-eating viruses and animal viruses The stage of the viral life cycle known as attachment establishes the host cell or tissue specificity.
A virus is an infectious microorganism that is made up of a length of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA), coated in a protein coat. Viruses cannot replicate on their own; instead, they need to infect host cells in order to use the components of those cells as the basis for their own reproduction.
Viruses may have evolved from genetic components that were adaptable enough to move between cells. They could be the progeny of organisms that were originally free-living and switched to parasitic reproduction. Perhaps viruses, which existed before cellular life developed, are to blame.
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