The type of ion channel that opens and closes in response to changes in the membrane potential is known as voltage-gated channels.
Voltage-gated ion channels can be defined as a class of transmembrane proteins that form channels that are activated by changes in the electrical membrane potential near the channel. The membrane potential alters the conformation of the channel proteins, regulating their closing and opening.
Voltage channels generally have an important role in excitable cells such as neuronal and muscle tissues as they allow a rapid and coordinated depolarization in response to triggering voltage change. Voltage channels are found along the axon and at the synapse and directionally propagate electrical signals. Voltage-gated ion channels are usually ion-specific, and channels specific to sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride ions have been identified. The closing and opening of the voltage channels are triggered by changing ion concentration, and hence charge gradient, between the sides of the cell membrane.
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