Because they boosted fitness for early human populations living in tropical Africa, darker skin tones developed. Darker skin prevents the breakdown of circulating folate. Some human groups left Africa in search of less severe UV rays.
According to natural selection, organisms in a group acquire characteristics that help them survive and procreate. Because advantageous features are more likely to be handed down through natural selection, people who possess them have a higher chance of survival.
Therefore, black skin is a natural sunscreen that shields against UV radiation and safeguards vitamin B folate, which is why natural selection prefers dark skin near the equator.
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